Método para el Control Activo de la Turbulencia. Una mirada histórica. (Parte I) // Method for turbulence's active control. An historical look. Part I.
Abstract
El presente trabajo es un estudio bibliográfico del conocido fenómeno Toms. La adición de polímeros a los flujos de
solvente (generalmente Newtonianos) provoca que estos pasen a tener un comportamiento interesante y no pocas veces mal
interpretado. Por la complejidad del tema, la diversidad de sistemas poliméricos y por limitaciones de tipo experimental
varias teorías tratan de explicar por que en estos fluidos ocurre una disminución de las pérdidas hidráulicas. Algunas teorías
abordan la discusión desde el punto de vista de la dinámica de los fluidos estableciendo que los polímeros causan
significativas alteraciones en la estructura de los flujos turbulentos con modificaciones importantes en los procesos de
transferencia de energía entre la región de pared y el núcleo turbulento del flujo
Palabras Claves: Turbulencia, polímeros, pérdidas hidráulicas, estructura de la turbulencia.
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Abstract
This paper is a bibliographical study of the well-known Toms phenomenon. The addition of polymers to the solvent flows
(usually Newtonian) produces an interesting behaviour, which sometimes is not well interpreted. Because of the complexity
of the topic, the diversity of polymeric systems and experimental limitations, several theories try to explain why a
diminishment of the hydraulic losses in these fluids occurs. Some theories approach the discussion from the point of view
of fluid dynamics establishing that the polymers provoke significant alterations in the structure of the turbulent flows with
important modifications in the energy transfer processes between the wall region and the turbulent core of the flow.
Key words: Turbulence, polymers, hydraulic losses, structure of the turbulence.
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