Influencia del nódulo de grafito en la rotura por fatiga de contacto de una fundición nodular. // influence of the graphite nodule in the contact fatigue failure of nodular foundry.
Abstract
El presente trabajo muestra una metodología para calcular el número de ciclos necesarios durante la formación de grietas
subsuperficiales, en las fundiciones nodulares sometidas a fatiga de contacto.
En esta metodología se tuvo en consideración que para calcular el número de ciclos totales hasta la rotura era
imprescindible tener en cuenta la cantidad de ciclos hasta que la grieta se iniciara. En este sentido se utilizó la expresión
propuesta por Tanaka donde se toma en cuenta la geometría de un defecto y la energía de deformación alrededor de este, la
cual puede ser determinada por la expresión de Petch.
Las variaciones dimensionales que sufre el nódulo de grafito bajo la acción de las cargas de contacto fueron determinadas
con precisión utilizando el método de los elementos finitos (EF).
Para determinar la cantidad de ciclos durante la propagación de la grieta se utilizó la expresión de Paris y se consideró el
material con propiedades isotrópicas. El factor de intensificación de tensiones se determinó a partir de la expresión de
Murakami, aquí se tuvo en cuenta que la grieta se propagaría en una dirección y ángulo determinado. Durante los cálculos
se consideró que en el mecanismo de iniciación de grietas estuvo presente el movimiento de las dislocaciones cuyo factor
de irreversibilidad tiene una influencia significativa.
Palabras claves: Fundiciones nodulares, elementos finitos, rotura.
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Abstract
The present paper states a methodology that allows to calculate the number of necessary cycles during the
formation of undersurface cracks in nodular foundries subjected to contact fatigue.
In this methodology it was indispensable to keep in mind the quantity of cycles in order to calculate the
number of total cycles until the crack began. In this sense the expression proposed by Tanaka was used
where its takes into account the geometry of a defect and the deformation energy around the same, which
can be determined by the expression of Petch. The dimensional variations that suffers the nodule of
graphite sbjected to contact loads action were determined using the finite elements method.
In order to determine the quantity of cycles during the crack propagation the expression of Paris was used
and it was considered the material with isotropiocal properties. The escalation of tensions factor was
determined starting from the expression of Murakami, kepping in mind that the crack would spread in an
address and certain angle. During the calculations it was considered that in the mechanism of crack
initiation it was present the movement of dislocations whose irreversibility factor has a significant
influence.
Key words: Nodular foundries, finite elements, crack propagation, contact failure.
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