Electrodo con revestimiento periférico tipo cinta para el recargue mediante soldadura manual por arco eléctrico // Tape peripheral coated electrode for hardfacing by manual electric arc welding
Abstract
En los talleres de mantenimiento se emplean electrodos E6013 para el recargue de piezas, donde el relleno posee baja dureza y resistencia al desgaste. El problema abordado consistió en modificar la composición química del metal depositado por estos electrodos mediante la aplicación de un revestimiento periférico. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento operativo y de fusión de electrodos E6013, bajo un revestimiento periférico aplicado con una cinta revestida con variaciones en la composición. Mediante un diseño de mezcla se determinó la composición del revestimiento de la cinta. El desempeño operativo se evaluó aplicando un criterio de expertos. Además, se determinó experimentalmente la influencia de la composición de la cinta sobre la composición química del metal depositado y la dureza. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó con un software para análisis estadístico. Los electrodos E6013 con revestimiento periférico demostraron buenas propiedades operativas. La composición química del metal depositado fue modificada con aportes de C y Cr, a partir de la cromita y el grafito del revestimiento periférico. Durante la fusión del electrodo con el revestimiento periférico se garantiza la reducción carbotérmica de la cromita, a partir del calor aportado por el arco eléctrico, contribuyendo a alear el cordón de soldadura con Cr.
Palabras claves: revestimiento periférico; cromita; reducción carbotérmica; recargue; soldadura SMAW; cinta con revestimiento.
Abstract
In maintenance workshops, E6013 electrodes are used for hardfacing parts; therefore, the filler has low hardness and wear resistance. The problem addressed was to modify the chemical composition of the metal deposited by these electrodes by applying a peripheral coating. The objective was to evaluate the operational and melting behavior of E6013 electrodes, under a peripheral coating applied with a coated tape with variations in composition. By using a mix design, the composition of the tape coating was determined. Operational performance was evaluated by using expert criteria. In addition, the influence of the tape composition on the deposited metal chemical composition of the and the hardness was experimentally determined. Statistical processing was performed with the software for statistical analysis. E6013 peripherally coated electrodes demonstrated good operating properties. The chemical composition of the deposited metal was modified with contributions of C and Cr, from the chromite and graphite of the peripheral coating. During the fusion of the electrode with the peripheral coating, the carbothermic reduction of the chromite is guaranteed, from the heat provided by the electric arc, contributing to alloy the weld bead with Cr.
Key words: coated electrodes; chromites; carbothermic reduction; recharge; SMAW; coated tape.
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