Uso de los residuos sólidos mineros de la extracción del níquel como estimulantes para la producción de biogás. // Use of the nickel solid mining residuals as stimulants for the biogasproduction.
Abstract
La adición de diferentes materiales con vistas a mejorar el proceso anaerobio ha venido incrementándose en los últimos
tiempos existiendo bases teóricas bien fundamentadas para la realización de esta práctica. Este proceso biológico, requiere
no sólo de macronutrientes (N, P, K, S), elementos vitales para el desarrollo de los microorganismos y que deben estar
presentes en grandes cantidades, sino también de los denominados micronutrientes y factores estimulantes al proceso, los
cuales en cantidades muy pequeñas (trazas), son esenciales para el óptimo desarrollo de los microorganismos, como es el
caso de algunos metales obligatorios (Fe, Ni y Co).
En este trabajo se presenta un estudio preliminar del efecto de la adición de residuales mineros cubanos como catalizadores
del proceso anaerobio. Se realizó la caracterización de dicho residual minero (Cola), empleado en los ensayos
experimentales. Se demostró que la Cola SI aporta nutrientes esenciales al proceso de depuración anaerobia de aguas
residuales. Hubo mayor efectividad en condiciones extremas: poco sustrato y concentraciones tóxicas de Nitrógeno y
Azufre, y en cualquiera de las variantes analizadas, la mejor respuesta se obtuvo con una concentración de Cola igual a 3
mg/L, con una eliminación de materia orgánica de más del 80%.
Palabras claves: Digestión anaerobia, biogás, traza de metales, residuo minero.
________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract.
The addition of several compounds in order to improve anaerobic process has been increased during last decades, being
well-sustained by theoretical bases. This biological process requires not only macronutrients (N, P, K, S), essential
elements in large quantities for microorganisms well developments, but also those known as micronutrients and stimulating
elements which in a very small concentrations are of vital importance for the optimum microorganism development, as the
case of obligatory metals like Fe, Ni and Co.
A preliminary study of mining residues effect on anaerobic process is presented in this paper. Mining residues can be a
perfect metal supplier, and indeed act as a biocatalyst. A characterization of the used mining residue (Cola) was made. It
was demonstrated that Cola did contribute essential nutrients to wastewater anaerobic process. There was better
effectiveness under extreme conditions: less substrate and toxic concentrations in Nitrogen and Sulphur. In all cases, the
best answer was obtained when Cola concentration was around 3mg/l, with an organic matter removing of more than 80%.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, biogas, trace metals, mining residues.
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