Criterio de predicción de la vida útil de la prótesis total de cadera en función de la falla del cemento en el componente femoral. // Life prediction criteria of hip prosthesis according to cement failure in femoral component.
Abstract
En este trabajo se utiliza el Método de los Elementos Finitos para estudiar la combinación de diferentes parámetros, y su
influencia en la vida útil de la prótesis total de cadera utilizando como criterio la falla del cemento que une estas prótesis al
fémur, debido a que este tipo de falla es una de las fallas que mas provoca la perdida de la implantación. Los parámetros
estudiados aquí fueron el tipo de material del vástago de la prótesis dado por su modulo de elasticidad, la calidad del hueso
dada por la densidad y las cargas simulando diferentes actividades físicas y diferentes pesos del cuerpo.
Los resultados obtenidos a través del Método de los Elementos Finitos, fueron procesados utilizando rutinas creadas en
lenguaje C y técnicas de estadística, determinando las variables más influyentes y los valores más favorables para obtener
una transmisión apropiada de cargas, que garanticen una vida útil mayor.
Palabras claves: biomecánica, ortopedia, elementos finitos, modulación
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Abstract
In this paper the Finite Element Method is employ in order to study different parameters combination and their influence in
the duration of total hip prosthesis, taking as decision criteria the failure of cement that keep together femur and prosthesis,
taking in account that this is the most common cause of implantation lost. The target parameters were: shank prosthesis
material given by elasticity modulus, bone quality given by density, and finally, loads simulating different physical
activities and body weight. The results were processed by means of statistical techniques and C language routines allowing
to obtain the more influent variables to a proper load transmission and greater useful prosthesis life.
Key words: Biomechanics, orthopaedic, finite elements, modulation
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