Cálculo estructural de un varadero de buques. // Shipyard structural calculation.
Abstract
En el presente trabajo, a partir de las técnicas de computación, se realiza el análisis estructural de un varadero de buques,
con 2000 toneladas de capacidad. Para cumplimentar lo antes señalado es empleando un programa de computación, basado
en el Método de los Elementos Finitos, se generó el modelo físico-matemático de la estructura, para lo cual se
cumplimentaron dos etapas:
!ra. etapa: Elaboración de la geometría del modelo, utilizando elementos sólidos planos triangulares y cuadriláteros.
2da etapa: Definición de las restricciones al movimiento y las fuerzas externas actuantes.
Además se realizó el estudio del comportamiento resistivo de la estructura de producción nacional, sometiendo el modelo
físico-matemático a las condiciones extremas de explotación que plantea el fabricante. De este estudio, basado en el análisis
de los esfuerzos equivalentes promedios. Fue concluido que el varadero diseñado puede reducir su peso e incrementar su
vida útil produciéndose esfuerzos equivalentes promedios inferiores al limite de fluencia de los aceros que se emplean en
este tipo de estructuras. Esta disminución del peso se obtiene de al variar solamente los espesores manteniendo las
longitudes y alturas de los elementos que conforman la estructura del varadero.
Palabras claves: Cálculo estructural, varadero de buques, métodos de elementos finitos, modelo físicomatemático.
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Abstract
A structural analysis of a 2000 tons capacity shipyard is carried out, starting from computers techniques. To acomplish the
task is used a calculation program, based on the finite elements method , the physical-mathematical pattern of the structure
was generated, for which two stages were executed:
!st. stage: Elaboration of the geometry pattern , using quadrilateral and triangular plane solid elements.
2nd. stage: Definitions of movement restrictions and location of external acting forces.
The resistive behavior study of the structure of national production was carried out, subjecting the physical-mathematical
model to the extreme conditions of exploitation outline by maufactures. Of this study, based on the equivalent stress
average analysis, arrived to the conclusion that the design shipyard can reduce its weight and increase useful life, taking
place equivalent stress averages inferior to the fluence limits of the steel used in this type of structures. This decrease of
weight is obtained by varying only the thickness, maintaining the lenght and height of the elements that conform the
shipyard structure.
Key words: Structural calculus, shipyard , finite element method, physical-mathematical model.
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