Medición objetiva de la calidad sonora de las tumbadoras // Objective measurement of the sound quality in Cuban drums
Abstract
Mediante grabaciones de golpes específicos de tumbadora y el procesamiento posterior de las señales obtenidas se puede
caracterizar objetivamente la calidad de una muestra de tumbadoras [ 2 ] .
Al cuero se le da un tratamiento de placa delgada plana circular empotrada en los bordes y se determina la amplitud de las
oscilaciones como invariante que influye decisivamente en la calidad de las vibraciones. En el análisis de resistencia de
materiales se considera la carga aplicada en el centro de la boca (r = 0), y luego se coloca en la dirección radial hasta r =
rmax. Resolviendo la ecuación de Sofi German se encuentra una expresión matemática para la flecha y los factores
geométricos, la forma de aplicar la carga y las características del cuero que afectan la flecha (es decir la sonoridad del
tambor)
Se hace un análisis estadístico de las amplitudes, aplicándole las series de Fourier a las señales sonoras obtenidas,
lográndose total coincidencia entre los resultados de la valoración subjetiva de musicólogos y especialistas y la medición
objetiva de ensayos realizados en un conjunto de tumbadoras. Se obtuvieron valores de error estándar cero y distribución de
error despreciables para las tumbadoras consideradas patrón y las profesionales.
Palabras claves: Sonido, instrumentos musicales, percusión, tumbadoras.
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Abstract
Recording different blows performed on tumbadoras heads and testing the obtained signs afterwards, could be analyzed the
quality of a set of Cuban drums.
The leather is treated as a thin circular plate fixed in the outer edge; , the amplitude of the vibrations are considered the
uppermost characteristic that leans on the sound nature. In a strength of materials analysis is considered the load in the center of
the drums head and it is spread all over the leather surface. A math expression is found while solving Sofi German´s equation
that match with the arrow deflection, geometric factors, the way of applying the load and leather properties.
A static analysis of the vibrations is performed. Applying the Fourier´s series to the obtained sound signals is found a full
agreement between the results of subjective valuation of musicians and objective valuations obtained in the recording studio
and then processes mathematically.
With this method were obtained zero Standard Error and insufficient Distribution Error for patterns and professional
tumbadoras.
Key words: Sound, musical instruments, percussion, Cuban drums.
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