Optimización de la distribución de piezas irregulares en chapas // Irregular parts nesting problem optimization.
Abstract
Resumen
En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de diferentes esquemas de solución reflejados en la
literatura, que tratan el problema de la distribución de piezas irregulares en superficies planas con
anidamiento bidimensional (Nesting). Fueron analizados diferentes esquemas de solución, siendo
los que consideran la geometría real de la pieza, durante la evaluación y posicionamiento de las
mismas sobre la superficie a cortar, los que garantizan el mayor aprovechamiento del material. El
esquema propuesto se caracteriza por un tratamiento gráfico de las piezas que permite acelerar el
proceso de reconocimiento y evaluación de opciones de acoplamiento entre ellas, así como la
creación de poblaciones de conglomerados crecientes para su ubicación definitiva en la superficie a
cortar. En la generación de poblaciones de opciones de solución, se utiliza un algoritmo derivado del
método de Integración de Variables, además se realiza la comparación de los resultados obtenidos
por el método propuesto, con otros resultados generados por procedimientos desarrollados por
diferentes autores, alcanzando mejorar los valores de aprovechamiento de material y la reducción
del tiempo de generación de soluciones.
Palabras claves:
Distribución de piezas irregulares en superficies; optimización; Métodos Evolutivos;
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Abstract
In this article, we study various solution schemes reported in the literature, which deal with the
problem of irregular parts distribution on flat surfaces with two-dimensional nesting. Different solution
schemes were analyzed, which they consider to be the real geometry of the part, during the
evaluation and positioning them on the surface to be cut, ensuring the best use of the material. The
proposed scheme is characterized by a graphic treatment of the pieces that can accelerate the
process of recognition and evaluation of options coupling between them, as well as the creation of
cluster populations growing to its final location on the surface to be cut. In the generation of
populations of possible solutions, using an algorithm based on the method of integration variables, in
addition is made comparing the results obtained by the proposed method with other results generated
by procedures developed by different authors, achieving improved use of material values and
reducing the generation time for solutions.
Key words:
Irregular cutting stock problem; Nesting; Distribution of irregular parts in sheets; Evolutionary
Methods; Graphic treatment of boundary surfaces; optimization.
Anidamiento bidimensional; tratamiento gráfico de contornos de superficies.
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