Sistemas híbridos con base en las energías renovables para el suministro de energía a plantas desaladoras / Hybrid systems with base in the renewable energy for the energy supply to desalination plants.
Abstract
En el siguiente trabajo se modelan los sistemas híbridos con base en las energías renovables, que
garanticen las necesidades energéticas en plantas desaladoras de ósmosis inversa, con una
capacidad de hasta 50 m3 de producción diaria, a fin de obtener la combinación óptima. Para el
procesamiento de los datos se hará uso del software especializado HOMER. Se tomarán como
elementos de partida: la demanda eléctrica de una planta desaladora tipo, las especificaciones
técnicas de los equipos propuestos, así como los potenciales de radiación solar y las velocidades de
viento de la región analizada (Islas Canarias).
Las conclusiones muestran que el sistema híbrido óptimo, desde el punto de vista técnico-económico
para el suministro de energía a desaladoras de ósmosis inversa con capacidad de producción de 50
m3/día, será un sistema eólico- diesel, compuesto por: dos aerogeneradores, un banco de baterías y
un generador diesel. Se demuestra que la velocidad del viento es la variable termodinámica
determinante para la configuración de los sistemas híbridos estudiados, considerando los potenciales
energéticos naturales existentes en la región estudiada.
Palabras claves: desalinización, ósmosis inversa, HOMER, Islas Canarias, sistemas híbridos, energías
renovables.
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Abstract
In the following work the hybrid systems with base in the renewable energy are modeled, to compare
many different design options based on their technical and economic merits. The energy necessities
will be guaranteed in reverse osmosis desalination plants, with a capacity of up to 50 m3 of daily
production. The data processing was analyzed using the computer model, HOMER. The departure
elements were: the electric demand of the desalination plant, the technical specifications of the
equipments, as well as the potentials of solar radiation and the speeds of wind of the analyzed region
(Canary Island).
The conclusions show that the best hybrid system, from the technician-economic point of view for the
energy supply to a reverse osmosis desalination plants with 50 m3/día of capacity, will be an (eolicdiesel)
system, composed by: two wind generators, a batteries bank and a diesel generator. It is
demonstrated that the wind speed is the determinant thermodynamic variable for the configuration of
the analyzed hybrid systems, considering the existent natural energy potentials in the studied region.
Key words:
desalination, reverse osmosis, HOMER, Canary Islands, hybrid systems, renewable energy.
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