Pretratamientos de grasa residual de cocción de alimentos para la producción de biodiesel//Pretreatments of residual cooking fats for biodiesel production
Abstract
Fue estudiado el pretratamiento de grasa residual de cocción de alimentos de alto índice de acidez con el fin de utilizarla como materia prima en la producción de biodiesel.. Fueron estudiados tres métodos para el pre-tratamiento de la grasa: la esterificación de ácidos grasos libres, la neutralización de ácidos grasos libres y el exceso de catalizador en la reacción de transesterificación. En la obtención del biodiesel se usó la reacción de transesterificación alcalina con etanol anhidro como reactivo y NaOH. como catalizador. Como conclusión, se produjo el biocombustible a partir de las grasas tratadas por los tres métodos estudiados, la presencia de los ésteres etílicos característicos del biodiesel fue comprobada por cromatografía gaseosa.
Palabras claves: grasas residuales de hornos, pretratamiento de grasas, esterificación, neutralización, biodiesel.
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Abstract:
It was studied the pre-treatment of residual fat cooking food of high acidity index in order to use it as raw material in the production of biodiesel. Three methods were studied for pre-treatment of fat: esterification of free fatty acids, neutralization of free fatty acids and excess catalyst in transesterification reaction. In biodiesel production, alkaline transesterification reaction was used with anhydrous ethanol as the reagent and NaOH as catalyst. As a conclusion, the biofuel was produced from the fats treated by the three methods studied; the presence of the ethyl esters characteristic of the biodiesel was verified by gas chromatography.
Key words: ovens fatty residual, pretreatment of fats, esterification, neutralization, biodiesel.
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