Diagnosis of IC Engines using vibrations//Diagnóstico por vibraciones en motores de combustión interna
Abstract
El diagnóstico técnico de las máquinas es una tarea de primer orden dentro de la Ingeniería Mecánica, y dentro de este, el empleo de técnicas que posibiliten la menor intervención en la estructura y la mayor información representan un aspecto de sumo interés. La medición de vibraciones es una herramienta muy útil. Sin embargo su aplicación es amplia en la maquinaria rotatoria y no en la alternativa. En el artículo se da una forma de enfocar el diagnóstico vibroacústico en las maquinas alternativas, en particular en los motores de combustión interna, a partir del empleo de las frecuencias naturales de oscilación del bloque como frecuencias de diagnóstico. Se explica la forma de determinación de las mismas por el método de los elementos finitos.
Palabras claves: motor de combustión interna, vibraciones, diagnóstico técnico, análisis modal.______________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract
Mechanical vibrations are a tool for the technical diagnosis of machines since a long time, mainly in rotating machines. For alternative machines situation is quite different, due to a dissimilar dynamic. In this paper, the problem of diagnostic frequencies determination is focused on certain natural frequencies of engine block, instead than frequencies based on crankshaft rotational speed. Frequencies are obtained through modal analysis of the engine block using a Finite Element Model. Later, vibration measurements made on a running engine and peak frequencies in spectra were compared peaks frequencies in FRF (Frequency Response Function). The results show a good agreement between theoretical and experimental measurements.Key words: IC Engines, vibrations, technical diagnosis, modal analysis.
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