Propagación de grietas por fatiga de acero al carbono con y sin soldadura mig // Fatigue crack growth of mig welded carbon steel
Abstract
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre la propagación de grietas por fatiga en una lámina de acero estructural sometida a un proceso de soldadura MIG. El estudio se realizó en el acero estructural AISI 1018 utilizado en la fabricación de estructuras de perfil tubular rectangular (PTR) de 2 x 1 pulgadas, de 2 mm de espesor con y sin cordón de soldadura. Se realizaron pruebas de propagación de grietas por fatiga, en el material base y en el soldado. Los resultados muestran una detención de grieta en la zona afectada por el calor, requiriendo mayor amplitud del factor de intensidad de esfuerzos (KI) para que la grieta se propague de una manera estable. Los resultados indican que la combinación de una adecuada microestructura y los esfuerzos residuales en la zona afectada por el calor, son los factores que más influyen en la detención del avance de la grieta en el material soldado.
Palabras claves: propagación de grietas, fatiga, mecánica de fractura, soldadura MIG.
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Abstract
In this paper are presented the results of a research work on the propagation of fatigue cracks in structural steel plate, subjected to a MIG welding process. The study was conducted on structural steel (ASTM std.) used in the manufacture of structures of rectangular tubular profile (PTR) for 2 x 1inch 2-mm thick, MIG welded and not welded. Samples were tested for fatigue crack propagation at the base material and welded metal. The results show a crack arrest in the heat affected zone (HAZ) , requiring greater amplitude of the stress intensity factor (KI) for the propagation of the crack in a stable manner. Results indicate that the combination of adequate microstructure and residual stresses in the HAZ are the main factors which can stop the advance of the crack in welded material.Key words: crack growth, fatigue, fracture mechanics, MIG welding.
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