Detección automática de defectos en pares engranados sin tacómetro//Tacho-less Automatic Gear Fault Detection
Abstract
En este trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método para detectar automáticamente defectos en pares engranados cuando la velocidad de rotación es desconocida y variable, sin usar tacómetro. En este método se usa la detección sincrónica de defectos basada en los amplificadores Lock-in (ALI) y un algoritmo para estimar automáticamente la velocidad de rotación. La estimación de la velocidad de rotación está basada en la descomposición de la señal de vibración en señales monocomponentes y el análisis del acoplamiento de fase no cuadrático. Con el método propuesto fue posible detectar un par engranadodefectuoso (con un diente roto) en una caja de engranajes de un aerogenerador de 3 MW. Este método puede ser aplicado con eficacia en condiciones de variación de la velocidad de rotación (∆v) de hasta el 30 %, incluso cuando la relación señal-ruido (SNR) es baja.
Palabras claves: diagnóstico de pares engranados , amplificador lock-in, modulación de amplitud, Descomposición Singular del Espectro.
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Abstract
In this work, a method was developed and validated toautomatically detect gear fault when the rotational speed is unknown and variable, without using a tachometer. In this method are used the synchronous fault detection based on Lock-in amplifiers (LIA) and an algorithm for automatically estimating the rotation speed. The rotation speed estimation is based on the vibration signaldecomposition into monocomponent signals and the non-quadratic phase coupling analysis.With the proposed method was possible to detect a faulty gear (with broken tooth) in the gearbox of 3 MW wind turbine. This method can be effectively applied in conditions of rotation speed variation up to 30% even for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).Key words: gear diagnostic, lock-in amplifier, amplitude modulation, Singular Spectrum Decomposition.
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