Actualización sobre el empleo de alabes de regulación de entrada en el bombeo de líquidos//An update about Inlet guide vanes in centrifugal pumps
Abstract
Los prerotadores de flujo empleados en compresores centrífugos, han demostrado su utilidad para régimen de trabajo fuera de diseño. Actualmente están expandiéndose a las bombas centrífugas. Denominados perfiles guía de entrada y dispuestos en la succión de la turbo-máquina delante del impelente, provocan una prerotación del flujo. La prerotación resulta de la inducción de una desviación angular de la velocidad absoluta del fluido al ingresar al impelente. La velocidad circunferencial de entrada al rodete afecta la eficiencia y la carga de la bomba, regulando así su régimen de funcionamiento. Los resultados muestran que la fricción con la superficie del perfil, los vórtices creados y la obstrucción al fluido que estos dispositivos crean degrada el performance de la bomba ante la cavitación. Una conclusión del trabajo es que el empleo de los prerotadores no ha sido suficientemente investigado, notándose aspectos no totalmente dilucidados sobre su empleo en bombas. Las técnicas de dinámica computacional son de utilidad, reduciendo los costos de los análisis. En los trabajos analizados, el empleo de prerotadores con un perfil, un número, un ángulo y a una distancia de la succión, modificaron el patrón de flujo a la entrada del rodete, el comportamiento y la aparición de la cavitación en bombas trabajando fuera de condiciones de diseño.
Palabras claves: perfiles guía de entrada, prerotadores, bomba centrífuga.
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Abstract
The flow rotation traditionally used in centrifugal compressors, have been useful for work regimes far from the nominal. This technique, is being applied in centrifugal pumps looking for the same effect. They are called inlet guide vanes and are employed to regulate the flow inlet. They are arranged at inlet of the turbomachine before the impeller, inducing a prewhirl of the flow field. That rotation is result of the angular deviation induced to the absolute speed of the fluid in the impeller. The circumferential velocity at the inlet of the impeller is related to the efficiency and head of a centrifugal pump, regulating its operating regime. Due to the surface friction over the profile, the vortices and flow obstruction, they limit the pump capacity to overcome cavitation. The literature shows that the use of pre rotators has not been investigated enough. Computational fluid dynamics is a very useful technique to made cheaper analysis. However, it is proved that using pre rotators located next to the inlet pump, with a given profile and some rotation angle, modify the flow pattern at the inlet of the impeller. As results the centrifugal pump efficiency working outside of design conditions could be improved.Key words: inlet guide vanes, prewhirl, centrifugal pump.
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