Efecto del diámetro de poros en el esfuerzo a tracción de juntas soldadas en el acero ASTM A36 // Effect of pore diameter on tensile stress of welded ASTM A36 steel joints
Abstract
El siguiente estudio tuvo por objetivo la evaluación del efecto que tiene el diámetro de un poro descrito en la norma API (American Petroleum Institute) 1104 sobre el esfuerzo a tracción del acero ASTM A36, en una junta soldada. En el estudio se obtuvieron probetas normalizadas con diferentes diámetros de poros internos inducidos en el cordón de soldadura. Las discontinuidades se formaron con inclusiones de esferas de material cerámico Al2O3 de diferentes diámetros. Mediante inspección visual se comprobó la ausencia de discontinuidades superficiales, mientras que, para la presencia de porosidades y ausencia de otro tipo de discontinuidades internas se utilizó radiografía industrial. Adicionalmente, se incluye un análisis de esfuerzos mediante simulación numérica por elementos finitos, para una validación y extrapolación de los valores obtenidos en la experimentación. El esfuerzo último a tracción tanto experimental como en la simulación tuvo una diferencia inferior al 3 %, además el diámetro de los poros tuvo un comportamiento inversamente proporcional al esfuerzo último.
Palabras claves: discontinuidades de soldadura; ensayo de tracción; propiedades mecánicas; MEF, método elementos finitos; poros.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pore diameter described in the API 1104 standard (American Petroleum Institute) on the tensile stress of a ASTM A36 steel welded joint. In the study, standardized samples with different diameters of induced internal pores were obtained. The discontinuities were formed with inclusions of spheres of ceramic material Al2O3 of different diameters. Using visual inspection, the absence of surface discontinuities was verified. Furthermore, the presence of porosities and also the absence of other types of internal discontinuities were verified by industrial radiography. Additionally, a numerical simulation to analyze the stresses involved in the welded joint was included using the finite element method. This simulation was used to validate and extrapolate the values obtained in the experimentation process. The results showed that the ultimate tensile stress, both experimentally and from the simulation has a difference of less than 3%, it was also concluded that the diameter of the pores has a behavior inversely proportional to the ultimate stress.
Key words: weld discontinuities; tensile test; mechanical properties; finite element method, FEM; pores.
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