Herramienta para la toma de decisiones en el reemplazo de activos // Decision making tool for asset replacement
Abstract
Conocer el momento en que un activo debe ser sustituido es de gran relevancia para la buena salud económica de los negocios, por este motivo, el principal objetivo de este artículo es definir el momento oportuno de reemplazo de un activo, sustentado en un enfoque económico. Para esto se utilizó el Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo, este índice refleja qué porciento de la inversión se retribuye cada año, al reemplazar un activo, por lo que permite tomar la mejor solución cuando sea necesario decidir entre continuar explotando un activo y realizarle las acciones de mantenimiento correspondientes, o bien, optar por el reemplazo total o parcial del mismo. El cálculo de este índice mide la ventaja económica de hacer el reemplazo ahora, en lugar de postergarlo. En la investigación se analizó el posible reemplazo del actual grupo electrógeno principal Kholer 500 kW del sistema de generación de energía eléctrica de una industria de elaboración de conservas de atún en latas. Finalmente, se concluyó que el grupo electrógeno principal actual debe ser reemplazado, por el propuesto, cuyo Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo es de 14,96 por ciento anual, este valor justifica el reemplazo
Palabras claves: índice de rentabilidad; reemplazo; activo.
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Abstract
Knowing the moment when an asset must be replaced has a great relevance for the good economic health of any business, for this reason, the main goal of this paper is to define the opportune moment of replacement the assets, supported by an economic approach. The Replacement Profitability Index was used, this index means what percentage of the investment is pay back every year, by replacing an asset, it allows to take the best solution when is necessary to decide between continuing the exploitation of the asset and carry out the corresponding maintenance actions, or replace it in whole, or in part. The calculation of this index measures the economic advantage of doing the replacement just now, instead of postponing it for one more year. This investigation analyzed the possible replacement of the current Kholer 500 kW main generator set in an electric power generation system of canned tuna industry. Finally, it was concluded that the current main generator set should be replaced by the proposed one, because the Replacement Profitability Index was 14,96 percent per year, this value justifies the replacement.
Key words: profitability index; replacement; asset.
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