Efecto de la temperatura de termofluencia en el acero austenítico refractario HK-40 // Effect of creep temperature on HK-40 refractory austenitic steel
Abstract
El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la temperatura de termofluencia en el acero refractario HK-40 empleado en la fabricación de brazos de barridos de hornos de reducción y expuestos a condiciones de termofluencia. Se analizó la zona exterior, la interior y la central del brazo, para determinar las transformaciones estructurales que ocurren según las condiciones de temperaturas a la que está expuesto. Se determinó que, el calor aportado por efecto de la combustión del petróleo y por el calor físico del aire en cámaras de combustión se incrementa de forma gradual y posibilita de falla por termofluencia debido a la acción combinada de esfuerzo y calor. La microestructura del acero HK-40 en las tres zonas a 760 °C, es de una matriz austenítica con carburos M23C6 en los límites de los granos, sin estructura dendrítica y una banda de austenita descromizada rodeada de carburos primarios (eutécticos), que provoca la fragilidad e induce la falla, la presencia de grieta en la zona exterior del brazo ocurrió en un área prevista de posibles carburos..
Palabras claves: efecto de la temperatura de termofluencia; límites de los granos; carburos M23C6; grietas; acero austenítico refractario HK-40.
Abstract
The work aimed to determine the effect of creep temperature on HK-40 refractory steel used in the manufacture of sweeping arms of reduction furnaces and exposed to creep conditions. The exterior, interior and central zone of the arm were analyzed to determine the structural transformations that occur according to the temperature conditions to which it is exposed. It was determined that the heat provided by the effect of the combustion of oil and by the physical heat of the air in combustion chambers increases gradually and enables failure by creep due to the combined action of stress and heat. The microstructure of HK-40 steel in the three zones at 760 °C, is an austenitic matrix with M23C6 carbides at the grain boundaries, without dendritic structureand a band of dechromed austenite surrounded by primary carbides (eutectic), which causes brittleness and induces failure, the presence of crack in the outer area of the arm occurred in an area foreseen of possible carbides.
Key words: effect of creep temperature; grain boundaries; carbides M23C6, cracks; HK-40 refractory austenitic steel
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