Estudio sobre la microestructura y problemática de grietas para obtención de aleación de aluminio-silicio // Study of microstructure and cracking problems in the production an aluminium-silicon alloy
Abstract
En este trabajo los autores investigaron cómo mejorar las consecuencias perjudiciales que provoca la fase intermetálica (ß-AlFeSi), que se forma con el hierro en aleaciones de Aluminio Silicio (Al-Si) para pistones de motores Diésel. El objetivo esencial fue obtener una pre-aleación compleja de aluminio y posteriormente la aleación correspondiente a pistones, mediante el desarrollo de una tecnología de fusión utilizando lingotes de Aluminio (Al) puro y Silico-Manganeso. Se analizó la composición química del material en medio del proceso de fundición, a través de una cantidad estimada de muestras, tanto de la pre-aleación como la aleación, finalmente se verificó el comportamiento de los distintos elementos y enespecial del Manganeso (Mn). Para ello se tomó como referencia la Norma Española UNE 38265; se utilizaron equipos de espectrografía con lasmuestras obtenidas de los semiproductos y la posterior obtención de resultados metalográficos. Finalmente se obtuvo una aleación modificada con el intermetálico (a-AlFeMnSi) que transforma la morfología del compuesto ß- AlFeSi, en una estructura diferente a agujas.
Palabras claves: aleaciones de aluminio silicio hipereutécticas (Al-Si); modificación de aleaciones Al-Si con Mn; compuestos intermetálicos ricos en hierro (Fe); hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys (Al-Si); modification of Al-Si alloys with Mn; iron (Fe) rich intermetallic compounds.
Abstract:
In this work, I discuss how to ameliorate the detrimental consequences of the intermetallic phase (ß-AlFeSi), which forms with iron in Aluminium Silicon (Al-Si) alloys for diesel engine pistons. The essential objective was to obtain a complex aluminium pre-alloy and subsequently the corresponding alloy for pistons, by developing a melting technology using pure Aluminium (Al) and Silico-Manganese ingots. The chemical composition of the material was analysed in the middle of the melting process, through an estimated quantity of samples, both of the pre-alloy and the alloy. Finally, the behaviour of the different elements was verified, especially Manganese (Mn). For this purpose, the Spanish Standard UNE 38265 was used as a reference; spectrography equipment was used with the samples obtained from the semi-finished products and subsequent metallographic results were obtained. Finally, a modified alloy was obtained with the intermetallic (a-AlFeMnSi) that transforms the morphology of the ß- AlFeSi compound into a structure different from needles.
Keywords: hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys (Al-Si); modification of Al-Si alloys with Mn; iron (Fe) rich intermetallic compounds.
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