Determinar sustitución de activos de una planta farmacéutica aplicando el Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo // Determine replacement of assets of a pharmaceutical plant by applying the Replacement Profitability Index
Abstract
Conocer el momento oportuno cuando un activo debe ser reemplazado es de gran relevancia para la eficacia económica de cualquier industria. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue determinar el momento oportuno para reemplazar un activo, sustentado en un enfoque económico, que permitió tomar la mejor decisión entre continuar explotando el activo y realizarle las acciones de mantenimiento correspondientes, u optar por el reemplazo del mismo. Para esto, el método utilizado fue el cálculo del Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo, el cual determina si es necesario sustituir el activo existente, o es mejor esperar un año más para proceder el cambio. La investigación se enfocó en una Enfriadora de Agua de 200 toneladas de refrigeración, de una de las empresas de Biocubafarma, equipo fundamental para la producción eficiente de medicamentos. El valor obtenido de Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo fue de 82.88% Este resultado permite concluir que, es factible económicamente sustituir este equipo por uno nuevo, en lugar de mantenerlo en explotación por más tiempo. El Índice de Rentabilidad del Reemplazo constituye un modelo económico factible para evaluar el momento oportuno de reemplazo de activos.
Palabras claves: reemplazo; activo, índice de rentabilidad, replacement, asset, profitability Index
Abstract
Knowing the right moment when an asset must be replaced is highly relevant to the economic efficiency of any industry. The main objective of this work was to determine the opportune moment to replace an asset, based on an economic approach, which allowed making the best decision between continuing to operate the asset and carrying out the corresponding maintenance actions, or opting for its replacement. For this, the method used was the calculation of the Replacement Profitability Index, which determines if it is necessary to replace the existing asset, or if it is better to wait one more year to proceed with the change. The investigation focused on a 200-ton refrigeration water chiller, from one of the Biocubafarma companies, essential equipment for the efficient production of medicines. The value obtained from the Replacement Profitability Index was 82.88%. This result allows us to conclude that it is economically feasible to replace this equipment with a new one, instead of keeping it in operation for longer. The Replacement Profitability Index constitutes a feasible economic model to assess the opportune moment of asset replacement
Key words: replacement, asset, profitability index
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