Caracterización de una fundición blanca del tipo ASTM A 532 clase III tipo A // Characterization of a white cast iron of the ASTM A 532 class III type A type
Abstract
El trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la microestructura, la dureza y las tensiones por difracción de rayos X de una fundición blanca del tipo ASTM A 532 clase III tipo A de fabricación nacional empleada en la fabricación de voluta de bomba centrífuga para el transporte de pulpa laterítica. Para la caracterización de estas propiedades se seleccionó tres probetas en bruto de colada. Se determinó que este tipo de fundición según la composición química solidifica con una red de carburo eutéctico del tipo M7C3 (Cr7C3) en formas de barras y la presencia de martensita, los cuales le atribuyen variaciones de dureza desde 645 hasta 685 HV, que le infiere resistencia al desgaste abrasivo sin estar sometidas a altas exigencias de choque. Al analizar las tensiones residuales que se encuentran distribuidas en la aleación se determinó que es función del proceso de solidificación, las cuales incrementan el espaciado interplanar de los planos que difractan más allá del estado libre de tensiones y son localizadas alrededor de los carburos eutécticos.
Palabras claves: carburos eutécticos, pulpa laterítica, fundición blanca Ni-Hard, desgaste abrasivo.
Abstract
The objective was to characterize the microstructure, hardness and stresses by X-ray diffraction of a white cast iron the ASTM A 532 class III type A type national manufacture used in the manufacture of centrifugal pump volute for the transport of lateritic pulp. For the characterization of these properties, three raw test tubes were selected. It was determined that this type of casting according to the chemical composition solidifies with a eutectic carbide network of the M7C3 (Cr7C3) type in bar shapes and the presence martensite, which attribute hardness variations from 645 to 685 HV, which infers resistance to abrasive wear without being subjected to high shock requirements. When analyzing the residual stresses that are distributed in the alloy, it was determined that it is a function of the solidification process, which increases the interplanar spacing of the planes that diffract beyond the stress-free state and are located around the eutectic carbides.
Key words: two phases flow, Reynold´s number, only bubble, train of bubble, drag coefficient, drag forces.
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