Influencia del revenido en la estructura y las propiedades de dureza, resistencia a la tracción y resiliencia del acero cubano al cromomanganeso- silicio-níquel. // Influence of tempering on structure and hardness, strength and resilience properties of ch
Abstract
La actual demanda de herramientas y accesorios para maquinarias agrícolas se presenta como
fuente creciente de nuevas aplicaciones del acero al Cr-Mn-Si-Ni. Este criterio justifica la práctica de
tratamientos térmicos, para conseguir distintos valores de propiedades mecánicas, que orienten al
material hacia las exigencias y circunstancias de aplicaciones concretas. El trabajo tiene como
objetivo conocer la estructura del acero, heredadas de las transformaciones de fase en diferentes
regímenes de tratamiento térmico de revenido, y la correlación entre dicha estructura y sus
propiedades de dureza, resistencia a la tracción y resiliencia. Las observaciones al microscopio
óptico de las muestras revenidas sugieren, en unos casos, una estructura compuesta por martensita
revenida, en otros, indican la presencia de partículas de ferrita y cementita. Los ensayos de dureza y
tracción revelaron una disminución de la dureza y de la resistencia a la tracción con el aumento de
la temperatura de revenido. El ensayo de impacto reveló un aumento de la resiliencia con el
aumento de la temperatura de revenido, aunque aparecen dos intervalos de temperatura en que la
resiliencia disminuye.
Palabras claves: revenido, estructura, dureza, resistencia, resiliencia
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Abstract
Specimens were tempered after being hardened into oil. Tempered specimens for tension tests,
were heated from 200 to 500ºC, in an interval of 100ºC; while, specimens for hardness and
resilience tests, were heated from 200 to 550ºC, in an interval of 50ºC. Tempering time, for tension
and resilience tests, depends on specimens’ thickness, while, for hardness tests is 30, 60 and 90
minutes. Tempered specimens microstructures at 200 and 300ºC indicate the presence of carbide
particles; it suggests a tempering martensite structure. Tempered specimens microstructures at
500ºC indicate the presence of ferrite and cementite particles. Both, hardness and strength
decrease when the tempering temperature increases. The resilience increase with tempering
temperature, but there are two zones, around 300ºC and 450ºC, where resilience decrease.
Key words: tempering, structure, hardness, strength, resilience
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