Rendimiento de los productos del proceso de pirólisis en lecho fijo de los residuos de naranja del proceso de obtención de jugos concentrados en la provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba. // Yields in pirolysis process in fixed bed of solid residues of orange i
Abstract
En la Provincia de Pinar Río en Cuba, existe un residuo de la biomasa, como son los residuos sólidos
de naranja del proceso de obtención de jugos concentrados. Este desecho se podría transformar
por medio de un proceso termoquímico, como es la pirólisis. No se han encontrado datos en la
literatura acerca del comportamiento de la pirólisis de este tipo de biomasa, que se utiliza
normalmente para la comida animal. En este trabajo, se ha estudiado el proceso de pirólisis de
estos residuos, realizando experimentos en un reactor de lecho fijo a escala de laboratorio. El
producto obtenido (carbón, gas y el alquitrán) y la composición de la distribución de los gases han
sido obtenidas para diferentes tamaños de partículas (menores a 300 micrómetros y mayores a 800
micrómetros) y temperaturas del proceso 3000, 4500 y 6000 C.
Los resultados fundamentales que se obtienen:
Rendimiento a carbón oscila entre 25 y 35 %, Rendimiento a gas oscilan entre 21 y 29 %,
Rendimiento a alquitrán entre 5 y 9 %. Los gases fundamentales que se obtienen en el proceso son:
H2, CO, CH4, CO2, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, con una energía máxima entregada entre 150 y 1000 Kcal.
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Abstract
In Pinar del Río, Cuba, a residue of the biomass exists, such as the solid residues of orange in the
concentrated juices process. This waste would be able to transform through a termo-chemical
process, such as in the pirolysis in fixed bed. No data in the literature about the behavior of the
pirolysis of this type of biomass have been found, which is employed normally for animal feeding.
In this work we has been study the pirolysis process in fixed bed of early residues, carrying out
experiments in a reactor of fixed bed to scale of laboratory. The product obtained (coal, gas and
the tar) and the composition of distribution of gases, they have been obtained for different sizes of
particles (smaller to 300 micrometers and greater to 800 micrometers) and temperatures of the
process (300, 450 and 600) º C.
The fundamental results that are obtained:
Coal yield oscillates among 25 and 35 %, Gas yield oscillate among 21 and 29 %, Tar yield oscillate
among 5 and 9 %. The fundamental gases obtained in the process are: H2, CO, CH4, CO2, C2H4,
C2H6, C2H2, with energy obtained between 150 and 1000 Kcal. (SEM-EDS).
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