Efectos de la variación de sobremedida debido al uso de 2 ½ ejes en la operación de acabado. // Effects of the over measure variation due to the use of 2 ½ axes in the finish operation.
Abstract
En el fresado de moldes y matrices usando una operación de 2 ½ ejes da como resultado una superficie con escalones, en
forma de escalera, particularmente en el desbaste con una fresa de cabeza plana. El valor teorico del sobreespesor a cortar
en el acabado es usualmente fijado por el CAM y no tiene en cuenta este exceso de material dejado en la operación de
desbaste. En general esa variacion significativa de la sobremedida es común y debe ser cortado en la operación de acabado.
En el presente trabajo se aplican operaciones de corte con altas velocidades de corte (High Speed Cutting) en una pieza que
contiene diferentes superficies y angulos de inclinacion 75, 45 y 7o. Inicialmente la pieza fue desbastada con una fresa de
cabeza plana de 12 mm de diámetro con bordes rectos afilados. Dos fresas de cabeza esfericas con 12 y 6 mm de diámetro
fueron probadas con 75 y 45 mm de voladizo desde el soporte. La operación de acabado se realizo fresando en direcciones
ascendente y descendente en las tres inclinaciones. Los valores de acabado superficial fueron comparados teniendo en
cuenta los dos valores de voladizo y manteniendo constante todos los demás parametros de fresado. Los peores valores de
acabado ocurrieron con el voladizo mayor, independiente de la inclinación. Los valores de acabado fueron ligeramente
superiores que los esperados para una operación de acabado, sin embargo, importantes comparaciones pueden realizarse
con los valores de los resultados. Tambien fue verificado que en algunos casos el corte descendente produce mejor
acabado, comparado con el corte ascendente.
Palabras claves: Acabado; sobreespesor; fresado ascendente y descendente; alta velocidad de corte; moldes y
matrices.
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Abstract.
In the molds and die milling using an operation of 2 ½ axes gives a surface as a result with steps, in stairway form,
particularly in the roughing operations with a plane end milling cutter. The theoretical value of the metal to cut in the finish
operation is usually fixed by the CAM and he doesn't take into account this excess material leave in the roughing operation.
In general that significant variation of the excess material is common and it should be cut in the finish operation. Presently
work is applied cutting operations with high speed cutting (High Speed Cutting) in a piece that contains different surfaces
and angles of inclination 75, 45 and 7o. Initially the piece was cutting in roughing operation with an end mill of 12 mm of
diameter with straight sharp flutes. The finish operation was carries out in up and down milling in the three inclinations.
The values of roughness were compared, keeping take in account the two cantilever values and maintaining constant all the
other milling parameters. The worse finish values happened with the biggest cantilever independent of the inclination. The
finish values were lightly superior that the hopping ones for a finish operation, however, important comparisons can be
carried out with the obtained values. It was also verified that in some cases the down cut produces better finish, compared
with the up cut.
Key words: Finish; excess material, up and down milling, high speed cutting, molds and dies.
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