Detección de la presencia de grietas cerradas en elementos tipo viga mediante la transformada wavelet. // Losing crack detection in beams using wavelet transform.
Abstract
La determinación del estado técnico de los sistemas estructurales representa un factor importante en la correcta explotación
de los mismos. Existen diversos métodos, en su mayoría visuales, pero que requieren el acceso directo a zonas del sistema y
pueden ser poco prácticos cuando los volúmenes de la estructura son grandes [9]. El análisis modal puede ser también
empleado, pero también tiene algunas limitaciones. Se ha propuesto a la transformada wavelet como una herramienta de
grandes posibilidades en la detección de grietas en estado incipiente. El problema debe ser estudiado tanto práctica como
teóricamente, y en el segundo aspecto la correcta representación de la grieta es de importancia fundamental. En este trabajo
se representa una grieta cerrada transversal en una viga de Euler-Bernoulli, según la propuesta de Bovsunovsky [1], con
modelos continuos y por elementos finitos. Se aplica la transformada wavelet al desplazamiento en los modos de vibración.
Palabras claves: detección de grietas, wavelet, análisis modal.
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Abstract:
The determination of the state o a structure represents an important factor in the use of structural systems. This is known as
structural health monitoring (SHM). Several methods, the most of them visuals, are employed. These require a direct access
to the possible damaged zone an can be very time consuming and costly, a reason by which the researchers in this field are
focused in others method, like modal analysis. The wavelet transform is also a very powerful toll in crack detection in early
stages. This problem should be studied in a practical and theoretical way. In this paper a transverse closed crack is
represented in an Euler-Bernoulli beam, as Bovsunovsky. Continuous and finite element models are used, and the wavelet
transform is applied to the eigenmodes.
Key words: crack detection, wavelet, modal analysis.
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