Análisis de la variación del flujo sanguíneo en la bifurcación carótida con diferentes grados de estenosamiento, utilizando MEF. // Analysis of the blood flow rate variation at the carotid bifurcation with different stenosis levels, using FEM.
Abstract
Las enfermedades vasculares en general y las cardiovasculares (ECV) en particular constituyen uno de los más serios
problemas de salud actualmente. Estas enfermedades son resultado de la combinación de dos factores, la pérdida de las
propiedades mecánicas de las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y las modificaciones en los parámetros hemodinámicos.
Debido a esto, es importante cualquier esfuerzo que se realice para prevenir y mitigar el surgimiento y desarrollo de las
mismas. Dentro de las ECV, una de las más frecuentes es la estenosis, que consiste en una reducción de la luz arterial,
como consecuencia del depósito de lípido o grasa en la capa interior de la arteria. En el presente trabajo se estudia, a través
de la modelación numérica, la influencia de la viscosidad de la sangre en el caudal del flujo sanguíneo en la bifurcación
carótida. El estudio se realizó para tres valores de grado de estenosis (SS = 30, 60 y 75%) y 5 valores de viscosidad (3,5 cP,
7 cP, 20 cP, 35 cP, 50 cP). Los resultados muestran que para incrementos de la viscosidad hasta 7 cP, existe una reducción
significativa del flujo sanguíneo. Para valores mayores de viscosidad el caudal por el sistema tiende a permanecer
constante, lo cual es consistente con la práctica médica.
Palabras claves: Dinámica de los fluidos, adición de polímeros, elementos finitos, bifurcación carótida.
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Abstract
Circulatory diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are among the most serious health problems that we have today.
They result from the combination of two main factors, the loss of mechanical properties in the vessel wall and the
modification of the hemodynamic parameters. Due to this, any effort done in order to prevent the appearance of these
diseases or to mitigate them is of great importance. Among the CVD, one of the most frequent is the stenosis, which
consists in the reduction of the cross section of the arteries as a result of lipid deposit in the inner layer of the vessel. The
present paper studies the influence of the blood viscosity in the flow at the carotid bifurcation through the numerical
modeling. The study was carried out for three stenosis levels, (SS=30, 60 and 75 %) and five viscosity values, (3,5 cP, 7 cP,
20 cP, 35 cP, 50 cP).The results obtained show a significant reduction in the blood flow for viscosities increasing up to 7
cP. For greater viscosities values the system flow remains constant, which is consistent with the medical practice.
Key words: Fluid dynamic, polymer addition, finite element formulation, carotid bifurcation.
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