Determinación del límite de rotura de un cable por Método de los Elementos Finitos. // Determination of resistance load on steel wire rope by Finite Elements Method.
Abstract
En ocasiones, se desconocen las características originales de un cable de acero. En estos casos, generalmente se estima el
límite de rotura de un cable a partir del límite de rotura de un alambre del cable. En el presente trabajo, se propone emplear
un método para estimar el límite de rotura del cable en base al modelado del cordón mediante elementos finitos. En el
contenido se explica detalladamente el procedimiento y es ejemplificado. El procedimiento es iniciado con el dibujo del
cable en un programa de diseño gráfico parámetrico y posteriormente se describen las características generales del
modelado con un programa especializado en el Método de Elementos Finitos. En el análisis se incluye la influencia del
contacto entre los alambres que forman el cordón. Por último, se comparan los resultados obtenidos para el límite de rotura
del cable con los datos declarados por el fabricante. Con este procedimiento fueron obtenidos valores mediante modelado
del cable con diferencias entre el 11% al 2,5% en relación al límite de rotura declarado por los fabricantes. Las diferencias
fueron evidenciadas en dependencia de la calidad del mallado empleado.
Palabras claves: Cables de acero, elementos finitos, carga límite de rotura.
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Abstract:
In occasions, the original characteristics of steel wire rope are unknown. In these cases, could be estimated the resistance
of the wire rope knowing the wire resistance. In this proposal method for estimating the resistance load of steel wire the
cord of the wire rope is modelling using finite elements. Procedure is explained and a sample with a selected wire rope is
presented. It is started with the drawing of the wire rope by professional software. General characteristics of the
modelling are described with FEM software. In the analysis, the contact influence in the wires of the cord is included.
Lastly, the obtained results of the resistance loads of steel wire rope are compared with data on steel wire rope catalogue.
Differences are obtained from 11% to 2.5% depending on the used mesh quality.
Key words: Steel wire rope, finite elements, resistance load.
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