Modelo de análisis de cargas máximas en aerogeneradores producidas por vientos extremos // Model of analysis of maximum loads in wind generators produced by extreme winds.
Abstract
Resumen
La utilización de la energía eólica mediante los aerogeneradores en zonas de alto riesgo de
ocurrencia de Huracanes viene siendo un reto importante para los diseñadores de parques eólicos a
nivel mundial desde hace algunos años. Los aerogeneradores no están diseñados normalmente para
soportar este tipo de fenómenos y es por esto que se marginan las zonas de alta incidencia de
ciclones tropicales de la planificación, lo cual, en ocasiones, imposibilita totalmente la utilización de
esta fuente renovable de energía, ya sea porque el país es muy pequeño, o porque coincida
plenamente la zona de mayor potencial con la de alto riesgo. Para contrarrestar esto se ha elaborado
un modelo de análisis de cargas máximas producidas por los vientos extremos en aerogeneradores.
Este modelo tiene la ventaja de determinar en un sitio escogido para la instalación en un parque
eólico las micro-zonas con mayor riesgo de presentar cargas de vientos por encima de las
admisibles por las clases estándares de aerogeneradores.
Suponemos además que modelo es una fuerte herramienta en la planificación de parques eólicos,
los cuales en la actualidad son destinados a zonas de baja incidencia de huracanes o tormentas
tropicales, factores que para algunos países son realmente muy problemáticos por la alta incidencia
que presentan de estos fenómenos extremadamente destructivos.
Palabras claves:
Aerogeneradores, cargas de viento máximas, modelado de parques eólicos.
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Abstract
The use of the wind energy by means of the wind turbines in areas of high risk of occurrence of
Hurricanes comes being an important challenge for the designers of wind farm at world for some
years. The wind generator is not usually designed to support this type of phenomena, for this reason
the areas of high incidence of tropical hurricanes of the planning are excluded, that which, in
occasions disables the use of this renewable source of energy totally, either because the country is
very small, or because it coincides the area of more potential fully with that of high risk. To counteract
this situation, a model of analysis of maxims loads has been elaborated taken place the extreme
winds in wind turbines of great behavior. This model has the advantage of determining, in a chosen
place, for the installation of a wind farm, the micro-areas with higher risk of wind loads above the
acceptable for the standard classes of wind turbines.
Key words:
Wind turbines, wind loads, modeling of wind farm.
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