Cálculo de estructuras para semirremolques de pasajeros de grandes dimensiones // Calculation of structures for semi - trailers of large dimensions using in passengers transportation
Abstract
El Método de Elementos Finitos desarrollado hasta la actualidad es un poderoso sistema de cálculo computarizado empleado
en el análisis de tensiones y deformaciones de sólidos y estructuras y mucha literatura ha sido publicada sobre él como método
de cálculo,
La necesidad de resolver los problemas de la transportación de pasajeros, principalmente en Ciudad Habana, en las difíciles
condiciones del período especial, condujo al desarrollo de un semirremolque con las características necesarias para cumplir esta
función, el cual por sus atributos constituye el único en su género para esta finalidad.
Es, por tanto, la primera vez que en nuestro país se realiza el cálculo de una estructura reticulada integral autoportante de
semejante magnitud, con resultados concretos satisfactorios.
Se aborda la creación de un modelo físico-matemático que simula la estructura real, acondicionado a las limitaciones del
programa de cálculo, brindando un comportamiento similar en los esfuerzos y deformaciones que se producen, con un estudio
de las diferentes variantes de resultados.
En el trabajo se obtienen algunos resultados sobre las posibles consecuencias que puede acarrear la realización del cálculo de la
estructura completa o separándola por secciones, siendo necesario el establecimiento de una metódica para la definición de
aquellas secciones que pueden ser analizadas por separado, así como el orden de importancia de este análisis.
Se realizó la Determinación experimental del coeficiente de carga dinámica, así como el Establecimiento del modelo físicomatemático
adecuado para el cálculo de la estructura del semirremolque de pasajeros aplicando el Método de los Elementos
Finitos.
Efectuar ensayos a carga estática del bastidor para corroborar la validez del modelo físico-matemático de la estructura.
Proponer una solución técnica dentro de las posibilidades tecnológicas de la empresa constructora para evitar la rotura de la
estructura del equipo.
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Abstract
The Finite Elements Method (FEM) developed until the present time is a powerful computerized calculation system applied in
the tensions and deformations analysis of solids and structures and much literature has been published on FEM as calculation
method,
The need of solving the problems of passengers transportation, mainly in Havana City, in the difficult conditions of Cuban
special period, conducted to the development of a semi - trailer with the necessary characteristics to fulfil this function , which
by their attributes constitutes the only one in his gender for this purpose.
It is, the first time that in our country is executed the calculation of a self - potable reticulated structure of similar magnitude,
with satisfactory concrete results.
It is approached the creation of a physic - mathematical model that simulates the real structure, conditioned to the limitations of
the calculation program, offering a similar behavior in the efforts and deformations that are produced, with a study of the
different variants of results.
In the work are obtained some results on the possible consequences the calculation of the complete structure or separating it by
sections, being necessary the establishment of a methodical for the definition of those sections that they can be analyzed
separately, as well as the order of importance of this analysis.
It was accomplished the experimental determination of the dynamic load coefficient, as well as the establishment of the physic
- mathematical model adapted for the calculation of the structure of a semi - trailer for passengers transportation applying the
Finite Elements Method.
It was effected a test to statics load del frame to corroborate the validity of the physic - mathematical model of the structure.
Additionally, It is proposed a technical solution within the technological possibilities of the constructing company to avoid the
structure breakage of the equipment.
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