Influencia de la geometría de aneurismas de aorta abdominal en la dinámica del flujo sanguíneo y en su riesgo de ruptura // Influence of abdominal aortic aneurysms geometry in the blood flow dynamics and in its rupture risk.
Abstract
La ruptura de aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) representa un evento clínico muy importante,
con una tasa de mortalidad relativamente elevada. En un esfuerzo por aumentar la comprensión
sobre este complejo fenómeno, en el presente trabajo se estudia la influencia de la geometría de
los aneurismas de aorta abdominal en el riesgo de ruptura. Para esto se ha utilizado un modelo
geométrico realista, obtenido por la transformación de imágenes 2D de tomografía computarizada
(CT), sometido a un flujo pulsátil fisiológicamente realista, con el objetivo de evaluar e identificar
las regiones donde ocurren las principales perturbaciones en los patrones de flujo, cómo ésta
modifica los campos de velocidades y de tensiones hemodinámicas en el interior del saco
aneurismático, así como la influencia de los diferentes factores biomécanicos relacionados con la
geometría que caracterizan el aneurisma. Se presenta una explicación de las modificaciones de las
estructuras vorticales y de la distribución de tensiones durante el ciclo cardíaco. Igualmente se
determina un indicador numérico (Parámetro de Severidad) que integra los 3 factores
biomecánicos geométricos y que permite evaluar el riesgo de ruptura del aneurisma para un estado
de desarrollo determinado. Los resultados confirman que la asimetría de los aneurismas de aorta
abdominal es uno de los principales factores que influyen en su ruptura.
Palabras claves: AAA, asimetría, riesgo de ruptura, factores biomecánicos.
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Abstract
The rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents an important clinical event, with a
relatively high mortality rate. In an effort to increase understanding about this complex
phenomenon, this paper studies the influence of abdominal aortic aneurysms geometry on the risk
of rupture. Patient specific AAA model, created by 2D reconstruction of computed tomography
image, was used to identify regions of disturbed patterns flow and how it modifies the velocity field
and hemodynamic stress on the inside of the aneurysmatic sac as well as the influence of different
biomechanical factors related to the geometry that characterize the aneurysm. An explanation of
the vortex structures changes and stress distribution during the cardiac pulse, it is presented. Also it
is determined a numerical indicator (Severity Parameter) which combines three biomechanical
factors related to AAA geometry, to assess the rupture risk, in a given stage of development. The
results confirm that the asymmetry of abdominal aortic aneurysms is one of the main factors
influencing its rupture.
Key words: AAA, Asymmetric, Rupture risk, Biomechanical factors.
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