Dimensionado de sistema fotovoltaico autónomo para recargar vehículos eléctricos // Sizing of an isolated solar powered electric vehicle charging system
Abstract
Actualmente se incentiva el uso del vehículo eléctrico en el mundo. No obstante, es difícil predecir hasta dónde llegará su adopción debido a que su proliferación depende de la capacidad de la red eléctrica para la recarga. El objetivo de esta investigación fue dimensionar y evaluar el proceso de recarga de una flota de 14 vehículos eléctricos de manera sustentable, mediante energía solar, implementando un sistema fotovoltaico autónomo aislado, con el fin de tributar a un transporte sostenible. Con la metodología energética Modelo de Comportamiento Mensual, utilizada para el dimensionado, se estableció la potencia eléctrica necesaria de 40,0 kW. El sistema fotovoltaico debe generar 140,0 kWh al día de energía en una región con radiación promedio diaria de 5,0 kWh/m2 al día para cumplir con la demanda de la flota. El escenario considerado consiste en que la flota puede ser recargada solo los fines de semana. Para la evaluación energética del comportamiento del sistema se usa el software Modelo de Optimización de sistemas Híbridos Eléctricos Renovables. Como resultado se determinó que el sistema es capaz de suministrar solo el 70 % del total de la energía demandada.
Palabras claves: vehículo eléctrico; sistema fotovoltaico; evaluación energética; HOMER._______________________________________________________________________
Nowadays the use of electric vehicles is being diffused worldwide. However, it is difficult to predict to what extent electric vehicles could be spread because its distribution depends on the grid energy availability for the recharge. This work tries about the design and energetic evaluation of an isolated photovoltaic solar system for recharging a fleet of 14 electric vehicles in order to contribute to sustainable transportation. From the energy methodology used for the photovoltaic system sizing, denominated “Monthly behavior method”, a 40,0 kW of generated electric power is necessary. The photovoltaic system has to generate 140,0 kWh/day of energy in a place with 5,0 kWh/m2 a day of solar radiance in order to supply the energy needs of the vehicles. In the considered scenario, the EV fleet can only be recharging on weekends. The energetic evaluation of the system behavior has been performed by means of the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable software. The results revealed that the system is capable to provide just the 70,0% of the needed energy.
Key words: electric vehicle; photovoltaic system; energetic assessment; HOMER.
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