Temple del acero SAE/AISI 1045 usando aceites reutilizados como medio de enfriamiento // Quenching of SAE/AISI 1045 steel using reused oils as a cooling medium
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se realizó el temple a probetas de acero SAE/AISI 1045 enfriándolas en sustancias no convencionales. Se realizaron tres grupos de cinco probetas cada uno, el primer grupo se enfrió en aceite vegetal desechado por el uso en la fritada de alimentos, el segundo en aceite mineral 15W40, también después de ser utilizado (5000 h) en el motor de un automóvil y el tercer grupo se enfrió en agua para tomarlo como patrón de referencia. Fue medida la dureza a estas probetas sin tratamiento, comprobándose que corresponde con lo estipulado en la literatura para este tipo de acero laminado en frío. A continuación, cada una de las probetas fue sometida a una temperatura de austenización de 840±10°C, la cual fue establecida dentro del rango de 30-60°C por encima de la curva Ac3 del diagrama Fe-Fe3C. Así mismo fue considerado un tiempo de sostenimiento a temperatura de austenización de 30±2 min. Posteriormente cada grupo de probetas se enfrió en la sustancia correspondiente. Después se realizó el análisis estructural de los diferentes grupos de probetas y se midió la dureza en las mismas. Finalmente se hizo el ensayo de desgaste abrasivo utilizando el método de arena seca-rueda de caucho establecido por la norma ASTM G 65.
Palabras claves: tratamiento térmico; medio de enfriamiento; aceites reutilizados.
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Abstract
In the present work, quenching is performed on SAE / AISI 1045 steel specimens, cooling them with non-conventional substances. Three groups of five test pieces each were made, the first group was cooled in vegetable oil discarded for use in food frying, the second in 15W40 mineral oil, also after being used (5000 h) in a car engine and the third group is cooled in water to take it as the reference standard. The hardness of these test pieces without treatment is measured, verifying that it corresponds to what is stipulated in the literature for this type of steel cold rolled. Next, each of the specimens was subjected to an austenitization temperature of 840 ± 10 ° C, which was established within the range of 30-60 ° C above the Ac3 curve of the Fe-Fe3C diagram. Likewise, a holding time at austenitization temperature of 30 ± 2 min was considered. Subsequently, each group of specimens is cooled in the corresponding substance. Afterwards, the structural analysis of the different groups of test pieces is carried out and the hardness in them is measured. Finally, the abrasive wear test is made using the rubber wheel dry sand method established by the ASTM G 65 standard.
Key words: heat treatment; quenching media; reused oils.
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