Obtención y caracterización de andamios de colágeno de piel de cerdo y patas de pollo // Obtaining and characterizing collagen scaffolds from pigskin and chicken fe
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron tres tipos de andamios tubulares a partir del colágeno de piel de cerdo y patas de pollo, el cual se aisló mediante la solución en ácido acético 0,5 molar. El procedimiento utilizado para la formación de los poros fue la liofilización, la cual se realizó con una temperatura de congelación de -40 ºC. La estructura tubular se logró a partir del empleo de moldes de acero, modificando las dimensiones para lograr espesores de la pared de 0,1; 0,5 y 1 mm. El colágeno se caracterizó mediante las pruebas de electroforesis en gel de acrilamida SDS page y espectrometría infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), corroborándose la presencia del colágeno tipo I en todos los casos. El rendimiento del proceso de obtención del colágeno fue para la piel de cerdo de 4,35 y para la pata de pollo de 4,5 %. La caracterización de los andamios se realizó determinando los parámetros de hinchamiento, absorción de agua, biodegradabilidad, así como un análisis morfológico en microscopía óptica y finalmente la determinación de la resistencia máxima mediante un ensayo de tracción. Como resultado, los andamios de patas de pollo tienen mayor absorción de agua, menor biodegradabilidad, menor índice de hinchamiento y menor resistencia que el andamio de piel de cerdo.
Palabras claves: andamios, colágeno, liofilización, electroforesis de proteínas, espectroscopía infrarroja, biodegradabilidad, resistencia máxima.
Abstract
In the present work, three types of tubular scaffolds were obtained from pig skin collagen and chicken feet, which was isolated using a 0,5 molar acetic acid solution. The procedure used for the formation of the pores was lyophilization, which was carried out at a freezing temperature of -40 ºC. Tubular structure was achieved with steel molds, by modifying the mold dimensions to achieve wall thicknesses of 0,1; 0,5 and 1mm. Collagen was characterized by acrylamide gel electrophoresis tests and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). It was confirmed the presence of type I collagen in all cases. The collagen production process yielded 4,35 % starting with pig skin and 4.5% from chicken feet. The characterization of the scaffolds was carried out by determining the parameters of swelling, water absorption, biodegradability, as well as a morphological analysis by optical microscopy and finally the determination of the maximum resistance using a tensile test. As a result, chicken feet scaffolds had higher water absorption, lower biodegradability, lower swelling rate and lower strength than pig skin scaffold.
Key words: scaffolds, collagen, lyophilization, protein electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, biodegradability, maximal strength
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