Evaluación térmica del agua de enfriamiento en condensador de vapor de central termoeléctrica // Thermal evaluation of cooling water in the steam condenser of a thermoelectric power plant
Abstract
En este trabajo se efectuó una evaluación de un condensador de vapor; considerado uno de los equipos importantes dentro de una central termoeléctrica. Para poder realizar esta evaluación térmica se aplicó la metodología basada en la norma para condensadores de vapor de superficie del Heat Exchange Institute, Standard for Steam Surface Condenser. La cual permite obtener comparaciones de los valores de diseño con parámetros reales. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en parámetros como la eficiencia, según el valor de diseño es de 61 % mientras que el valor real es de 34 %. Además, se obtuvo un valor real del número de unidades de transferencia de 0,41 muy bajo con respecto al de su diseño. Conjuntamente, se pudo determinar el factor de ensuciamiento del condensador con datos de operación. Se valoró a través de indicadores físico - químicos y contaminantes orgánicos e inorgánicos la repercusión directa que posee el parámetro de incremento de temperatura del condensador en el agua de mar, como fuente de enfriamiento.
Palabras claves: condensador de vapor, evaluación térmica, coeficiente de transferencia de calor, factor de ensuciamiento.
Abstract
In this work an evaluation of a steam condenser was carried out; considered one of the important equipment within a thermoelectric power plant. In order to carry out this thermal evaluation, the methodology based on the standard for surface steam condensers of the Heat Exchange Institute, Standard for Steam Surface Condenser, was applied. Which allows to obtain comparisons of the design values with real parameters. Significant differences were obtained in parameters such as efficiency, according to the design value it is 61 % while the real value is 34 %. In addition, a real value of the number of transfer units of 0.41 was obtained, very low with respect to its design. Together, the condenser fouling factor could be determined with operating data. The direct repercussion of the condenser temperature increase parameter in seawater, as a cooling source, is assessed through indicators - chemicals and organic and inorganic pollutants.
Key words: condensador de vapor, evaluación térmica, coeficiente de transferencia de calor, factor de ensuciamiento.
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